American ASTM

Summary of Certification Content

The predecessor of ASTM was the International Association for Testing Materials (IATM).

In the 1880s, in order to resolve the opinions and disagreements between buyers and suppliers in the process of purchasing and selling industrial materials, some proposed the establishment of a technical committee system. The technical committee organized representatives from various aspects to participate in technical symposiums to discuss and resolve disputes related to material specifications, testing procedures, and other aspects.

ASTM is one of the oldest and largest non-profit standard academic groups in the United States. After a century of development, ASTM currently has 33669 (individual and group) members, of which 22396 main committee members serve as technical experts in its various committees. There are a total of 2004 technical subcommittees under the ASTM Technical Committee. 105817 units participated in the development of ASTM standards, with the main task of developing characteristic and performance standards, test methods and procedural standards for materials, products, systems, and services, and promoting the development and promotion of relevant knowledge.

American ASTM

1 ASTM Standard Classification

There are six types of ASTM standards.

(1) Standard Test Method is a prescribed procedure used to identify, test, and evaluate the quality, characteristics, and parameters of materials, products, systems, or services.

(2) A Standard Specification sets out technical requirements for materials, products, systems, or projects and provides specific explanations. It also proposes the procedures that should be adopted to meet the technical requirements.

(3) Standard Practice is a program that provides instructions for one or more specific operations or functions, but does not produce test results.

(4) Standard Terminology describes or defines nouns, and explains symbols, abbreviations, and acronyms.

(5) The Standard Guide provides a selection or explanation of usage for a series, but does not introduce specific implementation methods.

(6) Standard classification (Class. classification) It distinguishes and categorizes materials, products, systems, or specific services based on their source, composition, performance, or use

American Toy Safety Standard ASTM F963

1、 Safety requirements:

1. Safety requirements

1.1 Material Quality - Toys are made of new or reprocessed materials. If reprocessed materials are used, they must be refined to meet the requirements of 1.3.1 for hazardous substance content.

1.2 Flammability - Non textile (excluding paper) materials used in toys cannot be flammable, and the above definition of flammability is in accordance with the Federal Hazardous Substances Regulations (FHSA) 16CFR1500.3 (C) (6) (VI). For the purpose of testing, any textile used in toys should comply with the requirements of 16CFR 1610. The testing procedures for the flammability of toys, namely the explanation of 16CFR 1500.44, are listed in Appendix A5.

1.3 Toxicity

1.3.1 Toxic Substances - Toys or materials used for toys must comply with FHSA and relevant regulations issued by FHSA. 16 CFR 1500.85 lists certain types of toys that do not fall under FHSA regulations. The above regulations stipulate limits on toxic, corrosive, irritating, sensitized, pressure producing, radioactive, flammable, and combustible substances. 5.2 is a reference method for determining the content of toxic substances. It should be noted that some states may have stricter regulations on toxic substances than federal regulations.

1.3.2 Manufacturing and Packaging of Food - The manufacturing and packaging of food sold together with toys must comply with the Hygienic Practices Regulations 21 CFR 110 regarding the manufacturing, processing, packaging, and storage of human instruments.

1.3.3 Non direct instrument additives - Toy components that come into contact with food, such as toy cookware, must comply with the relevant requirements of the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Regulations (FDCA). Especially 21 CFR 110.

1.3.3.1 Labeling of toy components in contact with food - Toys composed of components in contact with food, such as toy cookware and toy cutlery, must be labeled according to the requirements of 2.8.

1.3.3.2 Lead and Cadmium Content in Ceramics - Ceramic toy parts used or likely to hold food, such as ceramic tea sets, must comply with the relevant requirements of FDA 402 (2) (C) and FDA Product Qualification Guidelines.

1.3.4 Cosmetics - Toy cosmetics must comply with the relevant requirements of FDCA code 21CER. The regulations applicable to cosmetics can be found in 21CFR700-740. The relevant regulations for pigments in cosmetics can be found in 21CFR 73, 74, 81, and 82.

1.3.4.1 In addition, all toy cosmetics must comply with all requirements of this standard and the FHSA regulations, excluding 16 CFR 1500.8 and 50.3 (b) (ii).

1.3.4.2 The requirements of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) will therefore supplement the current regulations for children's products.

1.3.5 Paint and Similar Surface Coating Materials - Paint and other similar surface coating materials used in toys must comply with the regulations on lead content issued under the Consumer Product Safety Regulations (CPSA) 16 CFR 1303

1.3.5.1 This regulation prohibits the use of paints or similar surface coatings with lead content (calculated as metallic Pb) exceeding 0.06% (600ppm) of the total nonvolatile weight of the paint or the weight of the dry oil film.

In addition, the ratio of the metal content of soluble substances in antimony, arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury, and selenium compounds in surface coating materials to the weight of their solids (including pigments, film curing materials, and drying materials) should not exceed the corresponding values given in Table 1. Before comparing the analysis results with the values in Table 1 to determine compliance, they should be adjusted according to the testing method in 8.3.4. The soluble content must be determined by dissolving solid substances (including pigments, film curing materials, and dry films of dry materials) in accordance with 5.3.

The highest soluble content of transferred elements in toy materials

Unit: ppm (mg/kg)

Element lead (Pb), arsenic (As), antimony (Sb), barium (Ba), cadmium (Cb), chromium (Cr), mercury (Hg), selenium (Se

Content 90 25 60 1000 75 60 60 500

1.3.6 Toy cosmetics, liquids, pastes, gel and powders - The purpose of this requirement is to reduce the risks caused by insufficient cleanliness, shelf life and pollution of cosmetics, liquids, gel and mobile organic substances used on other toys. This requirement establishes standards for the cleanliness and ability to withstand long-term shelf life or/and pollution of the aforementioned substances without microbial degradation during use.

1.3.6.1 Water used for manufacturing and filling toys must be prepared according to USP pure water bacterial standards.

Note 1- Caution: There are different methods for preparing pure water, and each method may cause varying degrees of pollution to the final product. If the production equipment is qualified and sterile, then pure water produced through distillation is sterile. On the other hand, special attention should be paid to ion exchange columns and reverse phase permeameters, as they provide a place for microbial contamination preparation systems and polluted water flows. Therefore, frequent testing is necessary, especially when these devices are stopped for more than a few hours before use.

The formula for the above substances used on toys must ensure that they do not undergo microbial degradation during their shelf life and reasonably foreseeable use.

1.3.6.3 The cleanliness of the above substances and their components used on toys must comply with the formula for preventing microbial degradation.

1.3.4 Filler Materials - Loose fillers for stuffed toys should not contain harmful materials from insects, birds, rodents, or other animal parasites, nor should they contain dirt that may be generated under good operating practices, such as debris and metal shavings. The testing method for determining defective materials can be found in the 'Statutory Analysis Methods of the Association of Statutory Analytical Chemists'; Chapter 16 of. In addition, both natural and synthetic fiber fillers should meet the requirements of Title 34, Chapter 47, and Part 47.317 of the Pennsylvania Regulations on the Capacity of Filler Toys.

1.3.5 DEHP (DOP) - nipple, bell, and bite ring DEHPI must not intentionally contain 2 (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (also known as dioctyl phthalate). In order to avoid the impact of trace DEHP (DOP) on the analysis results, when tested according to D3421, the maximum acceptable content in the test results can reach 3% of the total solid matter.

1.4 Toys operated by a shunt circuit with a rated voltage of 120V must comply with the requirements of 16 CFR1505 published by FHSA.

When the 1.5 pulse noise is at any position 25cm away from the surface of the toy, the toy shall not produce pulse noise with an instantaneous sound level exceeding 138 decibels (20 microns per square meter). The sound level measurement must use instruments specified in 16 CFR 1500.47. When measuring, toys and instruments must be at least 1 meter away from walls, ceilings, or other large obstacles. When tested according to 16 CFR 1500.47, the sound level of a toy powder cap (TOY CAP) must not exceed 138 decibels. If the sound level of a toy powder cap (TOY CAP) exceeds 138 decibels when measured according to the above method, a warning statement and notification to CPSC must be provided in accordance with 16 CFR 1500.86 (a) (6).

1.6 Object

The requirement of this clause is to reduce the risk of ingestion or inhalation by children under 36 months of age

1.6.1 Toys for children under 36 months of age should comply with the requirements of 16 CFR 1501. How to determine which type of toy should comply with this requirement? The relevant standards can be found in 16 CFR 1500.501501 and Appendix A1 of this standard. When implementing this clause, toy fragments include, but are not limited to, extrusion overflow, plastic flakes, foam fragments or tiny chips or scrapings. Paper, fiber, sand thread, fluff, rubber band, and thread are not within the scope of this requirement.

1.6.1.1 Before and after use and abuse in accordance with Article 8, these requirements also apply to determining the accessibility of small items, such as small toys and toy parts A, including eyes, vocal components, buttons, or small pieces that have been dropped or removed from toys.

1.6.1.2 The following items are not subject to this requirement: balloons, books, and other paper products; Writing materials (crayons, chalk, pencils, pens); Record; Moulded clay and similar products; Nail paint, watercolor paint, or other pigment sets. All uncontrolled items are listed in 16 CER 1501.3.

1.6.1.3 Toys assembled by adults and containing potentially dangerous small items before assembly should be labeled according to the terms.

1.6.2 Mouth-moving toys

This clause requires toys that are repeatedly activated by blowing and sucking, such as sounders. If a toy operated by the mouth contains loose objects, such as small balls in whistles or inserts such as reeds in speakers, according to the procedures of this standard, when air is rapidly alternately blown in or sucked in from the blowing mouth, the loose objects that can be placed into the cylinder shown in Figure 7 inside the toy shall not detach from it.

1.6.2.1 Small objects inside inflatable toys shall not detach from the toy during inflation or deflation.

1.6.3 Toys and game consoles intended for use by children at least 3 years (36 months) but under 6 years (72 months) shall comply with the requirements of 16CFR 1500.19. Except for paper punched game consoles and similar items, any toys and game consoles intended for use by children at least 3 years (36 months) but under 6 years (72 months) containing small objects shall be labeled in accordance with 2.10.2.

1.7 Accessible sharp edges

Toys should not have accessible sharp edges containing potential hazards. Toys intended for adult assembly and those containing unprotected and potentially dangerous edges before assembly must be labeled according to 5.9.

1.7.1 The definitions of metal sharp edges and metal sharp edges containing potential hazards can be found in 16 CFR 1500.49. Toys for children under 8 years old shall comply with this requirement before or/and after use and abuse testing in accordance with the provisions of 8.5 to 8.10.

1.7.2 Toys intended for use by children aged 48 to 96 months old must have warning labels attached to the edges of potential hazards that are necessary for the toy's function, as specified in section 5.2. Toys intended for children under 48 months of age must not contain accessible hazardous edges that are necessary for their functionality.

1.7.3 Metal toys

Accessible metal edges, including holes and grooves, must not contain dangerous burrs and thin edges, or must be folded, rolled up, or formed into spiral edges or covered with permanent fixing devices or coatings.

Note 2: No matter how the edges are treated, they must comply with the sharp edge technical requirements of 1.7.1. If a protective device is used, the above device cannot be detached after being tested according to the applicable procedures.

1.7.4 Moulded toys: The accessible edges, corners, or mold interfaces of molded toys should be free from dangerous edges caused by burrs and spills, or should be protected so that dangerous edges are not exposed.

1.7.5 Exposed bolts and threaded rods

If the ends of bolts and threaded rods are accessible, the threads must not have exposed dangerous edges and burrs, or their ends must be covered with smooth caps to prevent dangerous edges and burrs from being exposed.

1.8 Accessible Sharp Point

Toys must not have potential hazards or sharp edges that can be touched due to one reason: the structure of the toy, poorly fastened assembly parts, such as metal wires, pins, nails, and U-shaped nails; Poor cutting of metal sheets; Burrs on screws, wooden parts with burrs.

1.8.1 The definition of potential hazards can be found in 16 CFR 1500.48.

1.8.2 For toys intended for children aged 48 to 96 months, sharp points that are accessible and potentially dangerous must be labeled with warning labels in accordance with 2.2 if they are functionally necessary, such as needles in sewing toys. Toys for children under 48 months of age should not have accessible functional sharp points.

1.8.3 Wood

Before and after testing according to applicable procedures, the accessible surfaces and edges of the wood used in the toy must not have burrs.

1.9 protrusions

This requirement pertains to potential hazardous protrusions in toys intended for use by children under 8 years old. The purpose of this requirement is to reduce the risk of skin pricking when children fall on rigid protrusions, such as unprotected shaft ends, operating rods, and decorations. Due to the extreme sensitivity of the eyes and mouth, this requirement does not provide or is not intended to provide protection for these parts of the body. If protrusions indicate a potential danger of piercing the skin, they must be protected in a suitable way, such as bending the metal end or adding a smooth protective cap or cover to effectively increase the area of potential contact with the skin.

1.10 Nails and fasteners

Nails and fasteners must not pose a danger of sharp points, edges, ingestion, or protrusions. The tips of nails and fasteners must not protrude so that they can be touched. Additional requirements for nails and fasteners used as shafts can be found in 1.14.

1.11 Metal wires and rods

The metal wires and rods used inside toys, if accessible after use and reasonably foreseeable abuse testing, must have their ends treated to avoid potential dangerous tips and burrs, and must be bent or protected with smooth protective caps or covers. Metal wires or other metal materials used in toys to create rigidity or a fixed shape, if they can be bent at an angle of 60 degrees using the maximum applicable external force, shall not break and create dangerous tips, edges, or protrusions when tested according to 5.12. At a distance of 2 ± 0.05in (50 ± 1.3mm) from the main axis of the component (wire or rod) to the intersection of the component (wire or rod) and the main body, if the component length is less than 2in (50mm), it should be perpendicular at the end of the component